2017 Digital Evolution Report – CyberCrime, Digitization, Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence

Cyber-crime, Smart-Cities, Digitization, Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence are those words which really got the hype on the platform of IT in 2017. Cybercriminals have smacked many companies many times. Digitization is progressing despite lame internet connections. Blockchain became Gold Chain and Artificial Intelligence is experiencing an incredible revival.

Key Technologies 2017

Ransomware: The ransom and the cyber blackmailer

 

Ransomware remains a leader in digital security threats. According to ITRC Data Breach report, in 2015 more than 177,866,236 personal records exposed via 780 data security breaches, and the previous mentioned number lift up to 30% in 2016 with security breaches arising on multiple fronts, companies, healthcare systems, governmental and educational entities, and individuals started to realize how real the threat of cybersecurity attacks was. 2017 so far, was a very highlighted year for cyber-crimes. 519 Cyber-attacks were placed from Jan 2017 until September 2017 affecting financial sectors, health-care sectors, gaming companies, containing information about credit cards, health data of billions of people around the world. With all these attacks phishing, spying on webcams or networked household appliances (IoT) remain risky.

 

Very popular in this year’s cyber attack list are the #wannacry and Equifax data breach attacks. These attacks unbaled 300000 computer systems for 4 days and affected financial data on more than 800 million customers and 88 million businesses worldwide and more than 45% of all detected ransomware.

Cyber policies are currently very much in vogue, but in which cases of damage do these insurances actually comes in? ABA, American Bankers Association, explains how companies should best go about finding a suitable policy and what makes good cyber insurance.

 

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): What needs to be changed?

 

Companies only have a few months left to prepare for the new European #DataProtection Regulation. On 25 May 2018, all companies managing personal data of citizens of the European Union will be required to comply with the new regulations and requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

This regulation will impose significant new obligations on companies that manage personal data, as well as severe penalties for those who’ll violate these rules, including fines of up to 4% of global turnover or € 20 million highest amount being withheld. But what is to change concretely? Here is a “Guide to compliance with the EU GDPR” and a framework to become step by step GDPR-fit.

 

Digital Transformation: Slow Internet connections as a brake pad

 

Digitization is progressing, but most users still complain about slow Internet connections. Despite the 7th place in the worldwide internet ranking, Belgium is still far behind the world’s fastest internet country. Notwithstanding all the shortcomings of the national IT infrastructure, companies are dealing with the technical and organizational challenges that result from the digital IT transformation.

 

The crazy rise of Bitcoin

 

In the period of a year the value of bitcoin has been multiplied by ten. A bitcoin was worth “only” 1000 dollars on January 1, 2017 … and 8000 dollars ten days ago. In April 2017 Japan officially recognised bitcoin and virtual currencies as legal methods of payment. You should know that Bitcoin represents less than 50% of the money supply of all cryptocurrencies in circulation. this is partly explained by the network situation and the rise of the Ethereum currency. Even if bitcoin is a legal in the vast majority of countries around the world, only a few governments have recognized the legal status of bitcoin in a particular regulatory manner.

 

IoT Projects: The 5 Biggest Mistakes and the Five Steps to Success

 

Closely linked to Digital Change is Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0 projects. Pioneers already pointed out the four biggest mistakes in IoT projects. If a company wants to exploit the potential of the IOT, it means a lot of work and often frustration – the technical, commercial and cultural challenges are manifold. Until an IoT solution is successfully established on the market, many decisions have to be carefully considered.

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But how does an IoT project succeed? Four steps are needed to make an IoT project a success.

 

Blockchain: The new gold chain

The blockchain is a much-debated technology with disruptive potential and three key characteristics: decentralization, immutability, and transparency. It could help to automate business processes, increase the security of transactions and replace intermediaries such as notaries or banks. Blockchain turns out to be the silent revolution that will change our lives. On top of that, it can turn into a gold chain for early adopters.

 

Cloud: Companies use public cloud despite security concerns

For years, companies have avoided the public cloud, as it is difficult to get a grip on in terms of security. However, this year, companies in the EMEA region increased their investment in the public cloud despite ongoing security concerns and lack of understanding of who is responsible for data security. However, caution is still needed to provide attacks such as wannacry.

 

Artificial intelligence

In 2016, Gartner put artificial intelligence and advanced machine learning in first place in its forecast for 2017, stating that this trend was really pronounced during 2017. Briefly 80 % of companies have already invest in Artificial Intelligence (AI). Nevertheless, one out of every 3 deciders believes that their organization needs to spend more on AI technology over the upcoming years if they want to keep pace with their competitors. Artificial intelligence penetrates into all areas of life. But how does it work?

One example is the automated and personalized customer approach to AI. With personalized campaigns and individual customer approach, the marketing of the future wants to win the battle for the buyer. As a rule, the necessary data are already available in companies, but the resources and software tools for their profitable use are not.
In 2018 Businesses will have an availability of AI-supported applications and should therefore focus on the commercial results achieved through these applications that exploit narrow AI technologies and leave the AI in the general sense to researchers and writers of science fiction;

 

The future of the human worker

AI systems can be used without a doubt. The world is becoming increasingly complex, which requires a thoughtful and wise use of our human resources. This can support high-quality computer systems. This also applies to applications that require intelligence. The flip side of AI is that many people are scared about the possibility of smart machines, arguing that intelligence is something unique, which is what characterizes Homo Sapiens. Not only that but many people still think that Artificial intelligence is the new threat to employment. It will replace the man and steal all the jobs. And they thinks that the future is dark.

Yet technological progress has never caused unemployment. On the contrary, since the industrial revolution, employment has multiplied. But, always, with each progress, fears resurge. Today, it is artificial intelligence that scares, or is used to scare. Economic history, and economic science therefore invites us to remain calm in the face of technological progress in general, and artificial intelligence in particular. By allowing the invention of new things to be exchanged, by stimulating entrepreneurship, it is not a danger but only an opportunity.

 

DATA based business models

Data Driven Business Model puts data at the center of value creation. This central place of data in the Business Model can be translated in different ways: analysis, observation of customer behaviour, understanding of customer experience, improvement of existing products and services, strategic decision-making, and marketing of data.

These data can be gathered from different sources, generated directly by the company, processed and enriched by various analyses and highlighted by data access and visualization platforms. Once data is collected, It’s essential to manage the multiple sources of data and identify which areas will bring the most benefit. Tracking the right data points within an organization can be profitable during the decision-making process. This allows an organization’s management to make data-driven decisions while amplifying synergy within the day-to-day operations.
As for revenue models, these can be based on a direct sale of data, a license, a lease, a subscription or a free provision financed by advertising.

 

#Blockchain benefits for Innovation: Disintermediation, Security, Autonomy

The Blockchain brings together three innovative technologies: decentralized architecture, cryptographic protection, crypto-currency issuance.

 

What is the Blockchain?

Literally, a blockchain designates a chain of blocks, digital containers on which are stored information of all kind: transactions, contracts, property titles, works of art … All these blocks form a database resembles to pages of a big accounts book. This book of accounts is decentralized; that means it’s not hosted by a single server but by a part of the users. The information contained on the blocks is protected by several innovative cryptographic methods, so that it is impossible to modify them. Finally, the Blockchain creates a crypto-currency that allows it to remunerate certain nodes of the network that support its infrastructure.

 

1st Innovation – DISINTERMEDIATION: Consensus replaces centralized validation

The first innovation of Blockchain is to generate the confidence necessary for agents (users) to exchange without control of a trusted third party.

Example – The banking system

International transfers are expensive and require several days of processing to be done. In contrary, a transfer with a crypto-currency like Bitcoin is almost instant, secure and free.

Technical explanations

– In order for a transaction to be carried out on the Blockchain, its information (volume of available funds of the issuer, recipient, volume transferred) must be integrated into a block.

– To do this, the transaction must be validated by several nodes of the network (called “miners”) that verify its conformity by solving a complex cryptographic problem (and IT power consumption for Blockchain energy impacts). This result is certifiable thanks to “Proof of Work”. The whole operation, and this is the key word, is called “mining”.

– Once all the minors agree on the validity of the “Proof of Work”, the transaction is integrated into a block. This is added to the “chain of blocks”.

Political Property

The addition of new blocks is the result of an agreement among the actors of the network, which makes the control obsolete by a reference institution. This agreement is the vector of disintermediation and it is incarnated by the collective validation of the “Proof of Work” or “Proof of Stake”.

                                                                                                                        

2nd Innovation – SAFETY: The decentralized architecture and the code block guarantee the inviolability of the information

Two mechanisms guarantee the structural security of the information recorded within a blockchain: a cryptographic process and a decentralized architecture. I’ll explain them separately.

Example 1 – Time-stamping

The proofofexistence.org website demonstrates this inviolability “by design”. It allows to save documents on the blockchain of Bitcoin network to justify its possession at a given moment. Because the document is written on the blockchain, this is enough to prove that the document exists at time T and has not been modified in T + n.

Technical explanations

The code of each new block is built on their previous block in the chain of blocks, so that modifying a block would involve changing all the blocks in the cord, which is impossible.

 

Example 2 – Wikileaks

Before their broadcasts in the press in the summer 2010, Wikileaks has recorded US State Department’s confidential documents on a multitude of worldwide servers. Instead of a single “cookie jar”, the decentralization of hosting makes it virtually impossible to delete all copies of documents. The same logic works for Blockchain.

Technical explanations

Within a blockchain, all the blocks are replicated in the nodes of the network, not in a single server. This decentralized architecture acts as a structural defense against the risks of data theft.

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Political Property

These two mechanisms guarantee the security of the information recorded on a blockchain. The strength of the Blockchain allows its use for sensitive information.

 

The Blockchain and privacy

The list of blockchain transactions can be consulted by all: this transparency is necessary so that the members of the network validate the inscriptions on the blocks and makes it possible to fight against the fraud. However, the identity of each user is concealed behind a pseudonym of 27 to 32 characters. A blockchain is not anonymous but pseudonymous.

 The transparency degree of a blockchain can be adapted to very high confidentiality requirements, which are then referred to as opaque blockchains. Conversely, if necessary, the identification may require several proofs of identity and must be completely transparent: the Blockchain is a modular technology.

 

3rd Innovation – AUTONOMY: The creation of a crypto-currency recompense the infrastructure costs

Today, online services (social networks, payment, hosting, etc.) are backed by platforms that assume the infrastructure needs. In the case of Blockchain, the computing power and the hosting space are provided by the nodes of the network themselves. The physical investment, the computing power and the storage space consumed by the mining are compensated by the emission of bitcoins (or other crypto-currencies).

Computing Power Example: BitShares.org

BitShares is an exchange and service platform backed by the Bitcoin blockchain. In June 2015, BitShares managed to execute more than 100,000 transactions in a second, a performance at global stock markets.

Technical explanations

– “miners” allocate a part of the computing power of their personal machine to solve the cryptographic problems necessary for the validation of transactions (“mining”). This is a remunerated activity.

– The first “miner” to validate a block (set of transactions) wins “tokens” whose nature differs according to the concerned blockchain.

– This opportunity for financial gains leads to a competition between “miners” to be the first to solve the problem and to suggest a “Proof of work”. This competitive situation is pushing the “miners” to invest in powerful machines and thus increase the computing power of the blockchain.

Moreover, as seen in the previous point, the blockchains are housed by the nodes of the network: some of them have a local, exhaustive and identical copy of the whole concerned blockchain. Hence the analogy with an account book shared with the actors of the network.

Political property

Within a blockchain, the infrastructure is no longer concentrated in the hands of an organization but is, on the contrary, broken out in all the points of the network. De facto, a blockchain is self-supporting and independent from third-party services.

 

Understanding the debate between public blockchain and private blockchain

Explanations

Blockchain technology is adaptable: the degree of blockchain opening can be limited to create a so-called “private” or “association” blockchain. This model is different to so-called “public” blockchains, such as the one behind Bitcoin, which anyone can consult and use. Within a “private” blockchain, block validation is performed by a more limited number of nodes on the network. As a reminder, only these nodes have access to all the information.

Example

Financial institutions are preparing for the deployment of a “private” blockchain where the validation of blocks requires only the approval of 10 institutions, as opposed to validation by the entire network. If the majority consensus idea is undermined, this model has advantages in terms of timeliness and infrastructure costs.

Issues

The situation is similar to that of the Internet network where private intranets coexist with the public Internet: the public / private blockchain debate is ideological and technical issues. Some members of the original Bitcoin community have a negative view of the privatization of a technology thought and designed to be open.

Understanding the #Blockchain Economic Revolution

The Blockchain is a revolution that is undoubtedly leading to a complete overhaul of economic activity. It’s not a simple geek trend but still most people have absolutely no idea what the blockchain stands for. It’s essential to distinguish clearly the differences between bitcoin, crypto-currency and the breakthrough of technology underlying below the nameà the #Blockchain. You must know that there are several types of blockchains on the market, and bitcoin is another version of it which got huge success in recent years.

 

To be short, #Blockchain is an information storage and transmission technology that is transparent, secure and operates without a central control unit. Transactions between network users are grouped in blocks. Each block is validated by the nodes of the network called “minors”, according to the techniques that depend on the type of block. This process puts everything on trust between the market players without going through a central authority. It’s an open source system where each link in the chain offers autonomous legitimacy. The decentralized nature of the chain, coupled with its security and transparency, suggests a revolution of an unimaginable enigma. The fields of opportunity open far beyond those who have access to the monetary sector.

 

In fact, it is a revolution, as has been in human history, the advent of commerce. When individuals bought and sold their products face to face, with the handshake, the trust was established. Second, globalization has created new needs. Entities have been set up to protect sellers and buyers. Laws and legal services have developed around financial exchanges. Each market had to have intermediaries at the grass-roots level, without it being possible to assess or quantify a degree of trust between people. What changes with the blockchain is not only its decentralized aspect, but also absence of intermediates. Blockchains could replace most “trusted third parties” centralized by distributed computing systems. More than that, many observers highlight the blockchain as an alternative to any back-office systems in the banking sector. It would also help eradicate corruption in global supply chains.

 

The boom of the Internet offers some good indications on how the blockchain could develop. The Internet has reduced communication and distribution costs. For ex, the cost of a WhatsApp message is much cheaper than an SMS. Just as the cost of a software or an online platform is cheaper than having to sell its products through a physical store. The marginal operating costs, thanks to the Web, have been reduced to almost zero. This has caused profound changes in the telecommunication, media and software markets. The Blockchains result allowed to limit all marginal transaction costs close to 0.

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Blockchains are a low-cost market disruptor for any business that acts as an intermediate in market. They allow things that have never been possible by using existing infrastructure and financial resources. We can exchange things that were not previously considered assets. It can be data, our reputation or unused power. The possibilities are as vast as they are unimaginable, but that does not mean that each type of element will be profitable for a company.

 

It is preferable not to dwell first on the technological aspect. It is much better to focus on the root of your customer’s problem. Successful businesses know how to identify, what is missing or a concern to their prospects, and know how to solve it. Blockchain technology is valuable in a setting where data has to be shared and edited by many unapproved parties. That is the infrastructure. The added value comes from the services that are built around it, with applications or modules.

Currently we are in the infrastructure market phase, there are still standards or platforms to democratize blockchain technology. In the near future, thanks to the crazy pace of development of this system, it will be easier for developers and entrepreneurs to use the blockchain on a daily basis. As easily as the MySQL or MongoDB databases we use today. Once the infrastructure stage is over, the evolution of blockchains will really become exciting. The infrastructure will be a huge database on which companies will be able to operate all kinds of connected objects or devices. The connected devices will collect data, blockchains will ensure, shear and process data; Artificial intelligence applications will automate activities.

 

Just imagine these farms where the product is grown and picked up by robots, delivered at home via drones, with a connected refrigerator that alerts us when we need something from there. An artificial intelligence system manages presets objectives to perfectly match the supply and demand. Blockchains are much more than just a bitcoin. They are the real building blocks of our future world.

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